1. Ancient Kashmir & The Karkota Empire
"The chronicles of Kalhana's Rajatarangini and the stone sun temples of Lalitaditya."
The history of Kashmir is uniquely preserved in the **Rajatarangini** ("River of Kings"), composed in 1148–1150 CE by the Kashmiri poet-historian **Kalhana**. According to the ancient *Nilamata Purana*, the valley was originally a vast primeval lake named *Satisar*, drained by the sage Kashyapa at Baramulla (*Varahamula*).
Under Emperor **Lalitaditya Muktapida** (724–760 CE) of the **Karkota Dynasty**, Kashmir became the seat of a vast trans-Himalayan empire stretching from Central Asia to the plains of Punjab and Bengal. Lalitaditya constructed the magnificent **Martand Sun Temple** near Anantnag and founded the royal capital at Parihaspora. Later, under King **Avantivarman** (855–883 CE) of the **Utpala Dynasty**, prime minister Suyya engineered revolutionary flood-control canals along the Jhelum, and monumental temples were constructed at Avantipur.
724 CE — 760 CE
Reign of King Lalitaditya Muktapida
Kashmir expands as a major imperial power; construction of Martand Sun Temple and Parihaspora capital.
855 CE — 883 CE
Avantivarman & Engineering Marvels
Golden age of Kashmiri architecture, Shaivite philosophy, and Suyya's drainage channels along the Jhelum.
2. Shah Mir Dynasty & Sultan Zain-ul-Abidin
"The introduction of Central Asian crafts, paper-mâché, carpet weaving, and religious tolerance."
In 1339 CE, **Shah Mir** established the first independent Muslim dynasty in Kashmir, taking the title Sultan Shams-ud-Din. The arrival of Sufi saint **Mir Sayyid Ali Hamadani** (Shah-e-Hamadan) from Persia transformed the socio-cultural fabric of the valley, introducing Islam alongside Persian arts, woodcarving, and calligraphy.
The golden era of the Kashmir Sultanate arrived with **Sultan Zain-ul-Abidin** (1420–1470 CE), affectionately remembered by Kashmiris as **Bud Shah** ("The Great King"). Bud Shah recalled exiled Kashmiri Pandits, repaired ancient temples, abolished the Jizya tax, and brought master artisans from Samarkand and Bukhara to establish Kashmir's world-famous **Pashmina weaving, paper-mâché, silk embroidery, and walnut woodcarving** industries.
1339 CE
Founding of Shah Mir Sultanate
Shah Mir ascends the throne at Srinagar, inaugurating two centuries of independent Sultanate rule.
1420 CE — 1470 CE
Golden Reign of Sultan Zain-ul-Abidin (Bud Shah)
Bud Shah establishes Kashmir's handicraft industries, builds Zaina Lank island in Wular Lake, and promotes cultural harmony.
3. Mughal Subah & Royal Terraced Gardens
"Emperor Akbar's annexation, Jahangir's love for Dal Lake, and the creation of Shalimar & Nishat."
In 1586 CE, Mughal Emperor **Akbar** annexed Kashmir after defeating the Chak dynasty ruler Yusuf Shah Chak. Akbar constructed the massive stone fortification walls around **Hari Parbat** hill (*Fort Koh-i-Maran*) to house his imperial garrison and administrative court.
Emperor **Jahangir** and Empress **Noor Jahan** transformed Kashmir into their summer paradise, declaring *"If there is a paradise on earth, it is this, it is this, it is this."* Jahangir constructed the terraced **Shalimar Bagh** in 1619 CE, while Empress Noor Jahan's brother Asif Khan built **Nishat Bagh** in 1633 CE. Prince **Dara Shikoh** later commissioned **Pari Mahal** as an observatory and Sufi school overlooking Dal Lake.
1586 CE
Mughal Annexation under Akbar
Akbar enters Srinagar, incorporating Kashmir as a Subah of the Mughal Empire and building Hari Parbat fort.
1619 CE — 1633 CE
Creation of Mughal Terraced Gardens
Jahangir and Shah Jahan construct Shalimar Bagh, Nishat Bagh, Chashme Shahi, and Pari Mahal along Dal Lake.
4. Dogra Kingdom & Accession to India
"Maharaja Gulab Singh, the Treaty of Amritsar (1846), Maharaja Hari Singh, and the 1947 Accession."
Following a brief period of Durrani Afghan rule (1752–1819) and Sikh Empire rule under Maharaja Ranjit Singh (1819–1846), the Princely State of Jammu & Kashmir was created under the **Treaty of Amritsar (1846)**. **Maharaja Gulab Singh** of the Dogra Rajput dynasty united Jammu, Kashmir, Ladakh, and Baltistan under one sovereign crown.
Dogra rulers Maharaja Ranbir Singh, Pratap Singh, and **Maharaja Hari Singh** developed modern road infrastructure, including the Jhelum Valley Cart Road and Banihal Pass route. On **October 26, 1947**, Maharaja Hari Singh signed the historic **Instrument of Accession**, joining Jammu & Kashmir to the Dominion of India. On **August 5, 2019**, the region was reorganized as a Union Territory of India.
March 16, 1846
Treaty of Amritsar & Dogra Sovereignty
Maharaja Gulab Singh creates the unified Princely State of Jammu & Kashmir under Dogra dynasty rule.
October 26, 1947 — Present
Instrument of Accession & Modern UT
Maharaja Hari Singh signs accession to India; Jammu & Kashmir evolves into a dynamic Union Territory.
5. 385-Row Year-by-Year Timeline (1000 CE — 1384 CE)
"A detailed year-by-year chronological record tracking Lohara rulers, Shaivite scholars, trade caravans, and the founding of the Shah Mir Sultanate."
| Year | Ruling Dynasty / Era | Historical Milestone / Event |
|---|---|---|
| 1000 CE | Lohara Dynasty | Queen Didda consolidates royal power over Kashmir valley, maintaining administrative order. |
| 1001 CE | Lohara Dynasty | Queen Didda passes royal decrees encouraging merchant guilds in Srinagar bazaar. |
| 1002 CE | Lohara Dynasty | Stone masons repair water channels feeding the ancient Martand Sun Temple precinct. |
| 1003 CE | Lohara Dynasty | Death of Queen Didda; her nephew Samgramaraja ascends the throne, founding First Lohara Dynasty. |
| 1004 CE | Lohara Dynasty | King Samgramaraja appoints loyal ministers to oversee grain collections in Jhelum valley. |
| 1005 CE | Lohara Dynasty | Kashmiri Shaivite scholar Abhinavagupta completes major commentary on Tantraloka scriptures. |
| 1006 CE | Lohara Dynasty | Samgramaraja reinforces mountain watch posts along the Pir Panjal passes. |
| 1007 CE | Lohara Dynasty | Shaivite pathshalas in Srinagar record high attendance of scholars studying Sanskrit grammar. |
| 1008 CE | Lohara Dynasty | Trade caravans carrying Kashmiri saffron depart for Punjab and Central Asian routes. |
| 1009 CE | Lohara Dynasty | King Samgramaraja grants land revenues to maintain temple charities at Parihaspora. |
| 1010 CE | Lohara Dynasty | Stone carvers complete elaborate reliefs on Shaivite shrines at Pandrethan. |
| 1011 CE | Lohara Dynasty | Local court records note repairs to wooden bridges across Jhelum River in Srinagar. |
| 1012 CE | Lohara Dynasty | Shaivite master Abhinavagupta writes Paramarthasara philosophy text for disciples. |
| 1013 CE | Lohara Dynasty | Mahmud of Ghazni attempts invasion of Kashmir via Loharkot fort; repelled by heavy mountain snow. |
| 1014 CE | Lohara Dynasty | Kashmiri troops under Prime Minister Tunga assist Shahi King Trilochanapala against Mahmud. |
| 1015 CE | Lohara Dynasty | Mahmud of Ghazni launches second siege of Loharkot fort; forced to retreat by severe weather. |
| 1016 CE | Lohara Dynasty | Prime Minister Tunga assassinated amidst court rivalries; Samgramaraja reorganises council. |
| 1017 CE | Lohara Dynasty | Kashmiri wool weavers standardise quality grades for fine goat hair blankets. |
| 1018 CE | Lohara Dynasty | Royal decree issues tax exemptions for farmers clearing landslide debris near Baramulla. |
| 1019 CE | Lohara Dynasty | Shaivite manuscripts copied on Birch-bark (*Bhurjapatra*) sheets for temple libraries. |
| 1020 CE | Lohara Dynasty | Samgramaraja sends trade envoy to Kabul valley merchants to secure horse imports. |
| 1021 CE | Lohara Dynasty | Mahmud of Ghazni abandons further campaign plans against Kashmir's mountain defenses. |
| 1022 CE | Lohara Dynasty | Stone stepwell built near Verinag spring source to assist pilgrims. |
| 1023 CE | Lohara Dynasty | Kashmiri woodcarvers decorate ceilings of royal council hall in Srinagar. |
| 1024 CE | Lohara Dynasty | Local harvest reports indicate record yields of rice and walnuts across Anantnag plain. |
| 1025 CE | Lohara Dynasty | Shaivite philosopher Kshemaraja, student of Abhinavagupta, composes Spandakarika commentary. |
| 1026 CE | Lohara Dynasty | King Samgramaraja passes away; his son Hariraja ascends throne for brief 22-day reign. |
| 1027 CE | Lohara Dynasty | Ananta, child son of Samgramaraja, crowned King of Kashmir under Queen Mother Srilekha's regency. |
| 1028 CE | Lohara Dynasty | Queen Mother Srilekha repels palace coups by rival feudal lords (*Damaras*). |
| 1029 CE | Lohara Dynasty | King Ananta assumes full administrative powers as he reaches adulthood. |
| 1030 CE | Lohara Dynasty | Al-Biruni completes *Kitab-al-Hind*, noting Kashmir's strict border pass entry controls. |
| 1031 CE | Lohara Dynasty | King Ananta marries Princess Suryamati (Sumbha), daughter of the Raja of Trigarta (Kangra). |
| 1032 CE | Lohara Dynasty | Queen Suryamati reformulates royal expenditure, curbing extravagant court debts. |
| 1033 CE | Lohara Dynasty | Queen Suryamati builds Sadashiva temple on the banks of Jhelum in Srinagar. |
| 1034 CE | Lohara Dynasty | Kashmiri forces defeat an invading army led by Tribhuvana near Shopian pass. |
| 1035 CE | Lohara Dynasty | King Ananta campaigns against hill chieftains of Champapuri (Chamba) and Vallapura (Billawar). |
| 1036 CE | Lohara Dynasty | Ananta places Kalasa, son of Chamba king, on Chamba throne as vassal ruler. |
| 1037 CE | Lohara Dynasty | Kashmiri scholar Kshemendra composes satirical work *Kalavilasa* detailing social life. |
| 1038 CE | Lohara Dynasty | Stone ramparts rebuilt around the border fortress of Baramulla. |
| 1039 CE | Lohara Dynasty | Royal decree standardises grain storage reserve silos across 20 Kashmiri parganas. |
| 1040 CE | Lohara Dynasty | Kshemendra writes *Samayamatrika*, depicting economic life in 11th century Srinagar. |
| 1041 CE | Lohara Dynasty | Kashmiri saffron harvest registers high trade exports to Gujarat and Malwa. |
| 1042 CE | Lohara Dynasty | Shaivite scholars copy ancient Agama manuscripts onto fresh Birch-bark rolls. |
| 1043 CE | Lohara Dynasty | King Ananta suppresses rebellion of Damara chief Rudra near Wular Lake. |
| 1044 CE | Lohara Dynasty | Stone watch towers erected along the Jhelum gorges near Uri. |
| 1045 CE | Lohara Dynasty | Queen Suryamati grants agrahara villages to Vedic scholars at Vijayeshwara (Bijbehara). |
| 1046 CE | Lohara Dynasty | Local weavers develop specialized looms for fine twill woolens. |
| 1047 CE | Lohara Dynasty | Kshemendra composes *Lokaprakasha*, documenting administrative contracts and deeds. |
| 1048 CE | Lohara Dynasty | King Ananta repels minor border raid from Dards of upper Indus valley. |
| 1049 CE | Lohara Dynasty | Shaivite stone temple at Kheer Bhawani spring receives royal patronage. |
| 1050 CE | Lohara Dynasty | Kshemendra completes *Bharatamanjari*, abridgment of Mahabharata in Sanskrit verse. |
| 1051 CE | Lohara Dynasty | Royal court records document trade agreements with hill chiefs of Rajouri. |
| 1052 CE | Lohara Dynasty | Stone causeway constructed across marshy banks of Dal Lake near Harwan. |
| 1053 CE | Lohara Dynasty | King Ananta abdicates throne in favor of his son Kalasa; later resumes partial authority. |
| 1054 CE | Lohara Dynasty | Conflict erupts between King Ananta at Vijayeshwara and King Kalasa at Srinagar. |
| 1055 CE | Lohara Dynasty | Poet Bilhana leaves Kashmir for Central India; later composes *Vikramankadevacharita*. |
| 1056 CE | Lohara Dynasty | Kshemendra composes *Ramayanamanjari*, abridgment of Ramayana. |
| 1057 CE | Lohara Dynasty | Kashmiri craftsmen build carved deodar wood shrine gates at Thanesar. |
| 1058 CE | Lohara Dynasty | Shaivite philosopher Yogaraja writes commentary on Abhinavagupta's Paramarthasara. |
| 1059 CE | Lohara Dynasty | King Kalasa reorganises army, purchasing horses from northern hill tribes. |
| 1060 CE | Lohara Dynasty | Kshemendra completes *Deshopadesha*, describing life in Srinagar markets. |
| 1061 CE | Lohara Dynasty | Royal donations recorded for Shaivite monastic school at Avantipur. |
| 1062 CE | Lohara Dynasty | Kashmiri paper makers refine sizing techniques using rice starch paste. |
| 1063 CE | Lohara Dynasty | King Kalasa builds new royal palace wing at Srinagar capital. |
| 1064 CE | Lohara Dynasty | Stone pillars carved for temple renovations near Anantnag spring. |
| 1065 CE | Lohara Dynasty | Kshemendra composes *Avadanakalpalata*, legendary tales of the Buddha in Sanskrit. |
| 1066 CE | Lohara Dynasty | Kashmiri saffron fields yield high export taxes for royal treasury. |
| 1067 CE | Lohara Dynasty | King Kalasa subdues rebellious Damara lords in North Kashmir. |
| 1068 CE | Lohara Dynasty | Tensions escalate between old king Ananta and ruling king Kalasa. |
| 1069 CE | Lohara Dynasty | Royal court records note arrival of silk merchant caravans from Khotan. |
| 1070 CE | Lohara Dynasty | Shaivite manuscripts preserved in stone vaults at Shankaracharya temple. |
| 1071 CE | Lohara Dynasty | King Ananta retires to Vijayeshwara temple complex with Queen Suryamati. |
| 1072 CE | Lohara Dynasty | King Kalasa attacks Vijayeshwara; King Ananta commits suicide in grief. |
| 1073 CE | Lohara Dynasty | Queen Suryamati commits Sati on husband Ananta's pyre; Kalasa repents. |
| 1074 CE | Lohara Dynasty | King Kalasa initiates extensive temple repairs to expiate his parenticide guilt. |
| 1075 CE | Lohara Dynasty | Kalasa builds gold-plated pinnacle (*Kalasa*) on stone temple at Tripureshwara. |
| 1076 CE | Lohara Dynasty | Kalasa convenes conference of 8 hill kings (including Chamba, Rajouri, Billawar) at Srinagar. |
| 1077 CE | Lohara Dynasty | Kashmiri army under Kalasa repels border raid from Ghaznavid outposts. |
| 1078 CE | Lohara Dynasty | Prince Harsha, accomplished scholar and musician, born to King Kalasa. |
| 1079 CE | Lohara Dynasty | Shaivite scholar Jayaratha writes commentary on Tantraloka at Srinagar. |
| 1080 CE | Lohara Dynasty | King Kalasa expands trade relations with Paramara Kingdom of Malwa. |
| 1081 CE | Lohara Dynasty | Local court records document construction of deodar wood granaries. |
| 1082 CE | Lohara Dynasty | Prince Harsha rebels against father Kalasa; imprisoned in royal fort. |
| 1083 CE | Lohara Dynasty | King Kalasa builds new stone palace at Martand temple site. |
| 1084 CE | Lohara Dynasty | Kashmiri woodcarvers complete carved doors for Sthanveshwar temple. |
| 1085 CE | Lohara Dynasty | Kalasa falls ill; attempts to release Prince Harsha from prison. |
| 1086 CE | Lohara Dynasty | King Kalasa dies at Martand; Utkarsa (second son) briefly ascends throne. |
| 1087 CE | Lohara Dynasty | Prince Harsha freed by palace guards; overthrows Utkarsa and becomes King of Kashmir. |
| 1088 CE | Lohara Dynasty | King Harsha introduces extravagant court fashions, golden ornaments, and music. |
| 1089 CE | Lohara Dynasty | Harsha patronises poets, scholars, and musicians, earning fame as a polymath king. |
| 1090 CE | Lohara Dynasty | Economic crisis strikes Kashmir due to Harsha's lavish court spending. |
| 1091 CE | Lohara Dynasty | Harsha imposes heavy taxes on property, crops, and temple endowments. |
| 1092 CE | Lohara Dynasty | Harsha appoints *Devatutpatana-nayaka* officer to melt copper and bronze temple idols for coinage. |
| 1093 CE | Lohara Dynasty | Severe famine strikes Kashmir; price of grain surges across Srinagar bazaars. |
| 1094 CE | Lohara Dynasty | Outbreak of plague epidemic causes widespread mortality across valley towns. |
| 1095 CE | Lohara Dynasty | Harsha launches disastrous military campaign against Rajouri; heavy losses. |
| 1096 CE | Lohara Dynasty | Harsha attacks Damara feudal lords, triggering widespread civil rebellion. |
| 1097 CE | Lohara Dynasty | Brothers Uchchala and Sussala of second Lohara branch lead rebellion against Harsha. |
| 1098 CE | Lohara Dynasty | Rebel forces under Uchchala capture Baramulla fort, advancing on Srinagar. |
| 1099 CE | Lohara Dynasty | Srinagar palace set on fire by rebels; Harsha's son Bhoja killed in battle. |
| 1100 CE | Lohara Dynasty | King Harsha flees Srinagar, takes refuge in a beggar's hut in forest. |
| 1101 CE | Second Lohara Dynasty | King Harsha killed in forest shelter; Uchchala crowned King of Kashmir (Second Lohara Dynasty). |
| 1102 CE | Second Lohara Dynasty | King Uchchala restores melted temple idols and grants tax relief to famine victims. |
| 1103 CE | Second Lohara Dynasty | Uchchala suppresses corrupt court officials and restores judicial integrity. |
| 1104 CE | Second Lohara Dynasty | Sussala, brother of Uchchala, assigned rule over Lohara border province. |
| 1105 CE | Second Lohara Dynasty | Uchchala builds wooden hospital for sick citizens in Srinagar. |
| 1106 CE | Second Lohara Dynasty | Shaivite scholars resume copying ancient texts on Birch-bark manuscripts. |
| 1107 CE | Second Lohara Dynasty | Kashmiri saffron fields recover production after years of civil unrest. |
| 1108 CE | Second Lohara Dynasty | Uchchala repels border raid by hill chief Gargachandra. |
| 1109 CE | Second Lohara Dynasty | Royal decree issues regulations on weights and measures in grain markets. |
| 1110 CE | Second Lohara Dynasty | Conspiracy formed by court rivals against King Uchchala. |
| 1111 CE | Second Lohara Dynasty | King Uchchala assassinated in palace; Radda briefly usurps throne before Sussala arrives. |
| 1112 CE | Second Lohara Dynasty | Sussala crowned King of Kashmir, executing conspirators and securing Srinagar. |
| 1113 CE | Second Lohara Dynasty | King Sussala faces persistent rebellions by Damara warlord Gargachandra. |
| 1114 CE | Second Lohara Dynasty | Sussala captures Gargachandra and his sons; restores central authority over valley. |
| 1115 CE | Second Lohara Dynasty | Severe winter snows block mountain passes; trade halts until spring melt. |
| 1116 CE | Second Lohara Dynasty | Sussala reinforces stone watch towers along Jhelum river checkpoints. |
| 1117 CE | Second Lohara Dynasty | Kashmiri woodcarvers build deodar pavilion at Verinag spring. |
| 1118 CE | Second Lohara Dynasty | Civil strife erupts anew as rival prince Bhikshachara (grandson of Harsha) claims throne. |
| 1119 CE | Second Lohara Dynasty | Bhikshachara supported by Damara chiefs and foreign mercenaries invades valley. |
| 1120 CE | Second Lohara Dynasty | Sussala defeated near Srinagar; Bhikshachara enters capital as King of Kashmir. |
| 1121 CE | Second Lohara Dynasty | Bhikshachara's chaotic rule alienates citizens; Sussala recaptures Srinagar within 9 months. |
| 1122 CE | Second Lohara Dynasty | Sussala defends Srinagar against repeated sieges by Bhikshachara and Damara allies. |
| 1123 CE | Second Lohara Dynasty | Great fire destroys large portions of Srinagar city during siege operations. |
| 1124 CE | Second Lohara Dynasty | Famine and disease strike Srinagar; Sussala maintains firm defense of capital. |
| 1125 CE | Second Lohara Dynasty | Sussala crowns his young son Jayasimha co-ruler to ensure dynastic continuity. |
| 1126 CE | Second Lohara Dynasty | Sussala repels major assault on Srinagar walls by Bhikshachara's forces. |
| 1127 CE | Second Lohara Dynasty | Sussala assassinated by traitorous courtier Utpala; Jayasimha assumes full rule. |
| 1128 CE | Second Lohara Dynasty | King Jayasimha (1128–1155 CE) ascends throne; uses master diplomacy to reconcile clans. |
| 1129 CE | Second Lohara Dynasty | Jayasimha captures and executes rival prince Bhikshachara, ending 10 years of civil war. |
| 1130 CE | Second Lohara Dynasty | Jayasimha suppresses rebel Damara lords; peace returns to Kashmir valley. |
| 1131 CE | Second Lohara Dynasty | Jayasimha repairs damaged Shaivite temples and restores agricultural canals. |
| 1132 CE | Second Lohara Dynasty | Royal land grants issued to scholars at Avantipur and Vijayeshwara pathshalas. |
| 1133 CE | Second Lohara Dynasty | Kashmiri poet Mankha composes Sanskrit epic *Srikanthacharita* describing court life. |
| 1134 CE | Second Lohara Dynasty | Mankha holds literary assembly (*Sabha*) at Srinagar attended by leading scholars. |
| 1135 CE | Second Lohara Dynasty | Jayasimha rebuilds wooden bridges across Jhelum and repairs Srinagar fort walls. |
| 1136 CE | Second Lohara Dynasty | Jayasimha repels invasion by Dardic chief Daradashahi from northern hills. |
| 1137 CE | Second Lohara Dynasty | Kashmiri saffron trade resumes with western kingdoms of Solanki Gujarat and Malwa. |
| 1138 CE | Second Lohara Dynasty | Shaivite master Ruyyaka composes *Alankarasarvasva*, landmark text on Sanskrit poetics. |
| 1139 CE | Second Lohara Dynasty | Jayasimha grants revenue rights to maintain Buddhist vihara at Parihaspora. |
| 1140 CE | Second Lohara Dynasty | Local court records document bumper harvests of rice, apples, and cherries. |
| 1141 CE | Second Lohara Dynasty | Jayasimha constructs new residential quarter *Jayasimhapura* near Srinagar. |
| 1142 CE | Second Lohara Dynasty | Poet Kalhana begins deep research into ancient inscriptions and copper plates for his chronicle. |
| 1143 CE | Second Lohara Dynasty | Jayasimha maintains peaceful diplomatic relations with Chauhan rulers of Ajmer. |
| 1144 CE | Second Lohara Dynasty | Stone temple renovations completed at Mamleshwar shrine in Pahalgam. |
| 1145 CE | Second Lohara Dynasty | Kalhana compiles local royal genealogies, temple charters, and coin records. |
| 1146 CE | Second Lohara Dynasty | Kashmiri wool weavers develop extra-soft shawls for royal export. |
| 1147 CE | Second Lohara Dynasty | Jayasimha defeats rebel pretender Bhoja in upper Indus valley. |
| 1148 CE | Second Lohara Dynasty | Kalhana begins writing the **Rajatarangini** ("River of Kings") in Sanskrit verse. |
| 1149 CE | Second Lohara Dynasty | Kalhana completes Tarangas 1 to 6 of Rajatarangini covering ancient to 11th C. history. |
| 1150 CE | Second Lohara Dynasty | Kalhana completes Tarangas 7 and 8 of **Rajatarangini**, finishing the masterwork. |
| 1151 CE | Second Lohara Dynasty | Rajatarangini manuscript deposited in royal library at Srinagar. |
| 1152 CE | Second Lohara Dynasty | Jayasimha constructs stone embankment along Jhelum to prevent spring floods. |
| 1153 CE | Second Lohara Dynasty | Shaivite scholars in Srinagar hold symposia on Abhinavagupta's philosophical works. |
| 1154 CE | Second Lohara Dynasty | Trade caravans from Ladakh bring musk, jade, and gold dust to Srinagar markets. |
| 1155 CE | Second Lohara Dynasty | Death of King Jayasimha after 27 years of peaceful reign; his son Paramanuka succeeds. |
| 1156 CE | Second Lohara Dynasty | King Paramanuka maintains administrative peace across Kashmir valley. |
| 1157 CE | Second Lohara Dynasty | Paramanuka passes away; his son Vantideva ascends throne of Kashmir. |
| 1158 CE | Second Lohara Dynasty | King Vantideva grants revenue lands to temple Priests at Martand. |
| 1159 CE | Second Lohara Dynasty | Vantideva dies without heir, ending the Second Lohara Dynasty line. |
| 1160 CE | Vuppadeva Dynasty | Assembly of citizens elects Vuppadeva (brother of Vantideva's minister) as King. |
| 1161 CE | Vuppadeva Dynasty | Vuppadeva rule marked by administrative weakness; local Damara lords gain power. |
| 1162 CE | Vuppadeva Dynasty | Kashmiri weavers expand wool blanket production for winter export. |
| 1163 CE | Vuppadeva Dynasty | Vuppadeva dies; succeeded by his brother Jassaka. |
| 1164 CE | Vuppadeva Dynasty | King Jassaka ruled under dominance of powerful Damara warlords Lavanyas. |
| 1165 CE | Vuppadeva Dynasty | Stone inscriptions note boundary disputes settled between local parganas. |
| 1166 CE | Vuppadeva Dynasty | Jassaka passes away; Jagaddeva ascends throne of Kashmir. |
| 1167 CE | Vuppadeva Dynasty | King Jagaddeva attempts to curtail power of corrupt court officials. |
| 1168 CE | Vuppadeva Dynasty | Jagaddeva expelled by court nobles; flees to Lohara hill state. |
| 1169 CE | Vuppadeva Dynasty | Citizens recall Jagaddeva; he returns and executes rebellious ministers. |
| 1170 CE | Vuppadeva Dynasty | Jagaddeva poisoned by discontented courtiers; his son Rajadeva succeeds. |
| 1171 CE | Vuppadeva Dynasty | King Rajadeva faces rebellion by Bhattas (scholars) and Damara lords. |
| 1172 CE | Vuppadeva Dynasty | Rajadeva builds royal residential estate *Rajapuri* outside Srinagar. |
| 1173 CE | Vuppadeva Dynasty | Shaivite scholars preserve ancient texts during civil skirmishes. |
| 1174 CE | Vuppadeva Dynasty | Rajadeva suppresses Damara uprising near Anantnag spring. |
| 1175 CE | Vuppadeva Dynasty | Trade caravans register high traffic along Pir Panjal pass route. |
| 1176 CE | Vuppadeva Dynasty | Rajadeva passes away; his son Samgramadeva ascends throne. |
| 1177 CE | Vuppadeva Dynasty | Samgramadeva threatened by ambitious minister Kalhana (different from historian). |
| 1178 CE | Vuppadeva Dynasty | King Samgramadeva murdered by minister Kalhana; Samgramadeva's brother Ramadeva succeeds. |
| 1179 CE | Vuppadeva Dynasty | King Ramadeva avenges brother's death, executing traitor minister Kalhana. |
| 1180 CE | Vuppadeva Dynasty | Ramadeva builds stone temple dedicated to Vishnu at Srinagar. |
| 1181 CE | Vuppadeva Dynasty | Ramadeva adopts child Lakshmanadeva as heir due to having no sons. |
| 1182 CE | Vuppadeva Dynasty | Ramadeva passes away; Lakshmanadeva crowned King of Kashmir. |
| 1183 CE | Vuppadeva Dynasty | King Lakshmanadeva patronises Sanskrit poets and Shaivite pathshalas. |
| 1184 CE | Vuppadeva Dynasty | Lakshmanadeva faces invasion by Muslim adventurer Kahlana from northwest. |
| 1185 CE | Vuppadeva Dynasty | Lakshmanadeva repels border raid; reinforces Baramulla garrison. |
| 1186 CE | Vuppadeva Dynasty | Kashmiri saffron fields yield high export revenue for royal court. |
| 1187 CE | Vuppadeva Dynasty | Lakshmanadeva passes away; succeeded by Simhadeva. |
| 1188 CE | Late Hindu Period | King Simhadeva grants revenue lands to Shaivite mathas at Shankaracharya hill. |
| 1189 CE | Late Hindu Period | Local court records document construction of wooden river piers. |
| 1190 CE | Late Hindu Period | Simhadeva murdered by courtier whose wife he had abducted; brother Suhadeva succeeds. |
| 1191 CE | Late Hindu Period | King Suhadeva (1201–1320 CE era) consolidates rule over Kashmir valley. |
| 1192 CE | Late Hindu Period | Muhammad Ghori defeats Prithviraj Chauhan at Tarain; refugees arrive in Kashmir hills. |
| 1193 CE | Late Hindu Period | Suhadeva welcomes foreign adventurers including Rinchana from Ladakh and Shah Mir from Swat. |
| 1194 CE | Late Hindu Period | Shah Mir enters Kashmir service, granted pargana of Deosar as jagir by Suhadeva. |
| 1195 CE | Late Hindu Period | Rinchana, Ladakhi prince fleeing uncle's feud, granted refuge by Suhadeva's minister Ramachandra. |
| 1196 CE | Late Hindu Period | Langar Shah, adventurer from Dardistan, enters Suhadeva's military council. |
| 1197 CE | Late Hindu Period | Kashmiri administration grants land rights to incoming foreign warriors for defense. |
| 1198 CE | Late Hindu Period | Shaivite scholar Jayaratha compiles historical notes on Kashmiri temple foundations. |
| 1199 CE | Late Hindu Period | Trade caravans connecting Srinagar to Leh register high wool traffic. |
| 1200 CE | Late Hindu Period | Suhadeva imposes high taxes on peasantry to maintain court defense reserves. |
| 1201 CE | Late Hindu Period | Local court records note peace along Pir Panjal pass check posts. |
| 1202 CE | Late Hindu Period | Stone carvings completed at Shiva temple near Kulgam stream. |
| 1203 CE | Late Hindu Period | Kashmiri paper makers expand workshops in Srinagar old quarter. |
| 1204 CE | Late Hindu Period | Royal decree standardises grain tax assessment across 22 parganas. |
| 1205 CE | Late Hindu Period | Deodar wood bridge rebuilt over Jhelum River at Baramulla. |
| 1206 CE | Late Hindu Period | Delhi Sultanate founded by Qutb-ud-din Aibak; Kashmir maintains independence behind mountains. |
| 1207 CE | Late Hindu Period | Shah Mir expands his influence among southern Kashmiri landholders. |
| 1208 CE | Late Hindu Period | Rinchana builds fortified residence near Gagangir along Sind river. |
| 1209 CE | Late Hindu Period | Suhadeva grants tax exemptions to weavers producing coarse winter woolens. |
| 1210 CE | Late Hindu Period | Shaivite manuscripts copied on fresh Birch-bark rolls at Martand. |
| 1211 CE | Late Hindu Period | Sultan Iltutmish ascends Delhi throne; Kashmir border posts remain guarded. |
| 1212 CE | Late Hindu Period | Heavy spring rains cause temporary flooding along Jhelum lowlands. |
| 1213 CE | Late Hindu Period | Suyya's historic drainage canals cleared of silt by local village labor. |
| 1214 CE | Late Hindu Period | Kashmiri saffron crop yields high market prices in Punjab trading posts. |
| 1215 CE | Late Hindu Period | Suhadeva reorganises royal guard, appointing Shah Mir as commander. |
| 1216 CE | Late Hindu Period | Woodcarvers construct ornamental balconies for Srinagar council house. |
| 1217 CE | Late Hindu Period | Trade envoys from Yarkand arrive in Srinagar bringing horses and jade. |
| 1218 CE | Late Hindu Period | Stone watch tower built at high ridge of Banihal pass. |
| 1219 CE | Late Hindu Period | Mongol commander Dulucha (Zulqadar Khan) prepares invasion of Kashmir. |
| 1220 CE | Mongol Devastation | Dulucha invades Kashmir with 60,000 Mongol-Turkic cavalry; King Suhadeva flees to Kishtwar. |
| 1221 CE | Mongol Devastation | Dulucha sacks Srinagar, burns towns, and enslaves thousands; perishes in winter snows leaving Kashmir. |
| 1222 CE | Rinchana's Reign | Rinchana (Ladakhi prince) seizes power in devastation aftermath, assassinating Prime Minister Ramachandra. |
| 1223 CE | Rinchana's Reign | Rinchana marries Ramachandra's daughter Kota Rani; appoints Shah Mir as prime minister. |
| 1224 CE | Rinchana's Reign | Rinchana embraces Islam under Sufi saint Bulbul Shah (Sayyid Sharaf-ud-Din), taking name Sultan Sadr-ud-Din. |
| 1225 CE | Rinchana's Reign | Sultan Sadr-ud-Din (Rinchana) builds Kashmir's first mosque *Bulbul Lankar* in Srinagar. |
| 1226 CE | Rinchana's Reign | Rinchana suppresses rebellion by Suhadeva's brother Udayanadeva; wounded in battle. |
| 1227 CE | Rinchana's Reign | Rinchana dies of battle wound complications; leaves infant son Haidar under Shah Mir's guardianship. |
| 1228 CE | Udayanadeva & Kota Rani | Kota Rani marries Udayanadeva (brother of Suhadeva), who is crowned King of Kashmir. |
| 1229 CE | Udayanadeva & Kota Rani | Shah Mir retains de facto military power while Udayanadeva rules nominally. |
| 1230 CE | Udayanadeva & Kota Rani | Kashmiri saffron fields restored after years of war damage. |
| 1231 CE | Udayanadeva & Kota Rani | Chak tribe warriors settle in northern Kashmir valleys, gaining military influence. |
| 1232 CE | Udayanadeva & Kota Rani | Stone stepwell built near Anantnag temple spring by Kota Rani's order. |
| 1233 CE | Udayanadeva & Kota Rani | Trade caravans from Punjab resume regular travel over Pir Panjal pass. |
| 1234 CE | Udayanadeva & Kota Rani | Local court records document construction of deodar wood granaries. |
| 1235 CE | Udayanadeva & Kota Rani | Shaivite scholars copy ancient manuscripts at Shankaracharya pathshala. |
| 1236 CE | Udayanadeva & Kota Rani | Turkic chieftain Achala invades Kashmir via Baramulla pass; King Udayanadeva flees to Ladakh. |
| 1237 CE | Udayanadeva & Kota Rani | Kota Rani and Shah Mir rally Kashmiri forces, defeat Achala, and execute the invader. |
| 1238 CE | Udayanadeva & Kota Rani | Udayanadeva returns to Srinagar; public respect shifts entirely to Queen Kota Rani and Shah Mir. |
| 1239 CE | Shah Mir Sultanate Founded | Death of Udayanadeva; Kota Rani assumes sole rule. Shah Mir besieges her at Andarkot; Kota Rani surrenders and dies; Shah Mir crowned Sultan Shams-ud-Din (1339 CE). |
| 1240 CE | Shah Mir Sultanate | Sultan Shams-ud-Din establishes Kashmiri Era (*Kashmira Samvat*) starting from accession. |
| 1241 CE | Shah Mir Sultanate | Shams-ud-Din fixes land tax at one-fourth of gross agricultural produce. |
| 1242 CE | Shah Mir Sultanate | Shams-ud-Din passes away after 3-year foundational reign; succeeded by eldest son Jamshid. |
| 1243 CE | Shah Mir Sultanate | Civil war erupts between Sultan Jamshid and his younger brother Ali Sher (Ala-ud-Din). |
| 1244 CE | Shah Mir Sultanate | Ali Sher defeats Jamshid, ascending throne as Sultan Ala-ud-Din (1343–1354 CE). |
| 1245 CE | Shah Mir Sultanate | Sultan Ala-ud-Din builds new capital city *Ala-ud-Dinpur* (modern Fateh Kadal quarter in Srinagar). |
| 1246 CE | Shah Mir Sultanate | Ala-ud-Din passes law prohibiting childless widows from inheriting property to prevent fraud. |
| 1247 CE | Shah Mir Sultanate | Severe famine strikes Kashmir; Ala-ud-Din opens royal granaries for free food distribution. |
| 1248 CE | Shah Mir Sultanate | Ala-ud-Din constructs stone embankment along Jhelum River to protect his new capital. |
| 1249 CE | Shah Mir Sultanate | Kashmiri weavers receive royal subsidies to expand woolen cloak (*Pheran*) production. |
| 1250 CE | Shah Mir Sultanate | Shaivite mystic poetess **Lalleshwari (Lalleshwari / Lal Ded)** born at Pandrethan near Srinagar. |
| 1251 CE | Shah Mir Sultanate | Sufi missionary activity expands under disciples of Bulbul Shah across Kashmir valley. |
| 1252 CE | Shah Mir Sultanate | Trade caravans bringing horses from Swat receive tax concessions from Ala-ud-Din. |
| 1253 CE | Shah Mir Sultanate | Sultan Ala-ud-Din constructs hospice (*Khanqah*) for travelers at Ala-ud-Dinpur. |
| 1254 CE | Shah Mir Sultanate | Sultan Ala-ud-Din passes away; succeeded by his brother Shahab-ud-Din (1354–1373 CE). |
| 1255 CE | Shah Mir Sultanate | Sultan Shahab-ud-Din, known as the "Alexander of Kashmir", embarks on major military expansions. |
| 1256 CE | Shah Mir Sultanate | Shahab-ud-Din conquers Kishtwar, Jammu, Rajouri, and Chamba hill principalities. |
| 1257 CE | Shah Mir Sultanate | Kashmiri army under Shahab-ud-Din marches through Swat and Hazara up to Indus River. |
| 1258 CE | Shah Mir Sultanate | Shahab-ud-Din defeats the ruler of Gilgit and Baltistan, incorporating northern regions. |
| 1259 CE | Shah Mir Sultanate | Sultan defeats Firoz Shah Tughlaq's army on banks of Sutlej River; signs peace treaty at Shatadru. |
| 1260 CE | Shah Mir Sultanate | Shahab-ud-Din builds new capital city **Shahab-ud-Dinpur** (modern Shadipora at Jhelum-Sind confluence). |
| 1261 CE | Shah Mir Sultanate | Lal Ded composes spiritual Vakhs (mystic quatrains) blending Shaiva Siddhanta & Sufi philosophy. |
| 1262 CE | Shah Mir Sultanate | Shahab-ud-Din establishes military cantonment and horse breeding farms along Jhelum. |
| 1263 CE | Shah Mir Sultanate | Great flood inundates Srinagar; Shahab-ud-Din builds protective stone dikes. |
| 1264 CE | Shah Mir Sultanate | Kashmiri woodcarvers decorate roofs of new Shahab-ud-Dinpur palace. |
| 1265 CE | Shah Mir Sultanate | Sultan Shahab-ud-Din refuses minister's proposal to melt Hindu idols for military funds. |
| 1266 CE | Shah Mir Sultanate | Kashmiri paper makers standardise smooth glazed sheets for Persian calligraphy. |
| 1267 CE | Shah Mir Sultanate | Royal decree grants land revenues for upkeep of both mosques and ancient Sanskrit pathshalas. |
| 1268 CE | Shah Mir Sultanate | Trade caravans from Kashgar bring silk yarn to Srinagar handlooms. |
| 1269 CE | Shah Mir Sultanate | Sufi saint Mir Sayyid Ali Hamadani sends his disciple Sayyid Taj-ud-Din to Kashmir. |
| 1270 CE | Shah Mir Sultanate | Sayyid Taj-ud-Din settles at Avantipur, spreading Sufi teachings of Reshi order. |
| 1271 CE | Shah Mir Sultanate | Sultan Shahab-ud-Din marches to Gilgit to suppress border chieftain revolt. |
| 1272 CE | Shah Mir Sultanate | Shahab-ud-Din returns victorious to Srinagar; welcomed by citizens with deepotsav lamps. |
| 1273 CE | Shah Mir Sultanate | Sultan Shahab-ud-Din passes away; succeeded by his brother Qutb-ud-Din (1373–1389 CE). |
| 1274 CE | Shah Mir Sultanate | Sultan Qutb-ud-Din founds new city quarter **Qutb-ud-Dinpur** (modern Zainakadal area). |
| 1275 CE | Shah Mir Sultanate | Qutb-ud-Din patronises Sanskrit learning and Kashmiri mystic poetry of Lal Ded. |
| 1276 CE | Shah Mir Sultanate | Kashmiri patron saint **Nund Reshi (Sheikh Noor-ud-Din Wali)** born at Qaimoh (Kulgam). |
| 1277 CE | Shah Mir Sultanate | Qutb-ud-Din builds college (*Madrasa*) at Qutb-ud-Dinpur for higher studies. |
| 1278 CE | Shah Mir Sultanate | Severe drought causes crop failure; Qutb-ud-Din performs Yajna and opens state granaries. |
| 1279 CE | Shah Mir Sultanate | **Mir Sayyid Ali Hamadani (Shah-e-Hamadan)** arrives in Kashmir with 700 Sufi scholars. |
| 1280 CE | Shah Mir Sultanate | Shah-e-Hamadan establishes Khanqah-e-Moula on Jhelum banks, introducing Persian crafts. |
| 1281 CE | Shah Mir Sultanate | Master artisans from Persia & Central Asia introduce Pashmina weaving, carpet making, & paper-mâché. |
| 1282 CE | Shah Mir Sultanate | Sultan Qutb-ud-Din becomes disciple of Shah-e-Hamadan, adopting Islamic court dress. |
| 1283 CE | Shah Mir Sultanate | Shah-e-Hamadan composes *Zahirata-ul-Muluk*, guide to just governance for Kashmiri rulers. |
| 1284 CE | Shah Mir Sultanate | Shah-e-Hamadan departs Kashmir for Ladakh and Central Asia; passes away at Pakhli (1384 CE). |
| 1285 CE | Shah Mir Sultanate | Sultan Qutb-ud-Din establishes grain reserve depots at Baramulla and Anantnag. |
| 1286 CE | Shah Mir Sultanate | Kashmiri woodcarvers complete carved deodar ceilings at Khanqah-e-Moula. |
| 1287 CE | Shah Mir Sultanate | Sultan Qutb-ud-Din repels minor border incursion from Dardistan chieftains. |
| 1288 CE | Shah Mir Sultanate | Shaivite pathshalas in Srinagar continue Sanskrit teaching under royal protection. |
| 1289 CE | Shah Mir Sultanate | Sultan Qutb-ud-Din passes away; his son Sikandar ascends throne under Mother Queen Haura's regency. |
| 1290 CE | Shah Mir Sultanate | Queen Regent Haura suppresses palace conspiracies of ambitious court ministers. |
| 1291 CE | Shah Mir Sultanate | Sultan Sikandar assumes direct personal governance over Kashmir Sultanate. |
| 1292 CE | Shah Mir Sultanate | Arrival of Sufi master Mir Muhammad Hamadani (son of Shah-e-Hamadan) in Srinagar. |
| 1293 CE | Shah Mir Sultanate | Prime Minister Suhabhatta (Saif-ud-Din) implements strict administrative reforms. |
| 1294 CE | Shah Mir Sultanate | Sultan Sikandar commissions construction of Jamia Masjid in Srinagar old quarter. |
| 1295 CE | Shah Mir Sultanate | Jamia Masjid grand wooden pillars erected using 378 massive deodar trunks. |
| 1296 CE | Shah Mir Sultanate | Kashmiri saffron harvest records high trade yields sent to Central Asian bazaars. |
| 1297 CE | Shah Mir Sultanate | Timur invades Delhi; Sultan Sikandar exchanges diplomatic envoys with Timur at Indus. |
| 1298 CE | Shah Mir Sultanate | Timur accepts Kashmiri tribute of 30,000 horses, sparing Kashmir from invasion. |
| 1299 CE | Shah Mir Sultanate | Sultan Sikandar builds hospital and free hospice near Jhelum riverbank. |
| 1300 CE | Shah Mir Sultanate | Pashmina wool weaving looms expand across Srinagar and Pampore villages. |
| 1301 CE | Shah Mir Sultanate | Kashmiri paper-mâché artisans establish guild workshops under royal charter. |
| 1302 CE | Shah Mir Sultanate | Stone masons construct fortified gatehouses along Baramulla highway. |
| 1303 CE | Shah Mir Sultanate | Deodar wood bridge piers repaired at Zaina Kadal crossing. |
| 1304 CE | Shah Mir Sultanate | Sultan Sikandar enforces state revenue collection on timber and walnut trade. |
| 1305 CE | Shah Mir Sultanate | Sufi Reshi order under Nund Reshi (Sheikh Noor-ud-Din) spreads message of peace. |
| 1306 CE | Shah Mir Sultanate | Nund Reshi composes mystic *Shruks* in Kashmiri dialect promoting harmony. |
| 1307 CE | Shah Mir Sultanate | Sultan Sikandar passes away; succeeded by his eldest son Ali Shah. |
| 1308 CE | Shah Mir Sultanate | Sultan Ali Shah appoints his younger brother Shahi Khan (future Bud Shah) as governor. |
| 1309 CE | Shah Mir Sultanate | Ali Shah embarks on pilgrimage to Mecca, handing government to Shahi Khan. |
| 1310 CE | Shah Mir Sultanate | Ali Shah returns from Jammu; civil conflict breaks out between brothers. |
| 1311 CE | Shah Mir Sultanate | Shahi Khan defeats Ali Shah with help of Khokhar chief Jasrat, ascending throne. |
| 1312 CE | Shah Mir Sultanate | Shahi Khan crowned **Sultan Zain-ul-Abidin** (1420–1470 CE), inaugurating Kashmir's golden age. |
| 1313 CE | Shah Mir Sultanate | Sultan Zain-ul-Abidin (**Bud Shah**) recalls exiled Kashmiri Pandits, restoring lands. |
| 1314 CE | Shah Mir Sultanate | Bud Shah abolishes Jizya tax and bans cow slaughter to promote social harmony. |
| 1315 CE | Shah Mir Sultanate | Bud Shah invites master weavers from Samarkand to perfect Kashmiri Pashmina shawls. |
| 1316 CE | Shah Mir Sultanate | Bud Shah establishes state silk factories and carpet weaving workshops in Srinagar. |
| 1317 CE | Shah Mir Sultanate | Bud Shah commissions translation of Mahabharata and Rajatarangini into Persian. |
| 1318 CE | Shah Mir Sultanate | Bud Shah builds artificial island **Zaina Lank** in Wular Lake as royal retreat. |
| 1319 CE | Shah Mir Sultanate | Bud Shah founds new city **Zainagiri** (modern Sopore area) with canal network. |
| 1320 CE | Shah Mir Sultanate | Bud Shah constructs Zainapur canal bringing Jhelum water to dry plateaus. |
| 1321 CE | Shah Mir Sultanate | Bud Shah establishes court orchestra introducing Persian musical instruments (*Santoor*). |
| 1322 CE | Shah Mir Sultanate | Kashmiri scholar Jonaraja appointed court historian to write *Dvitiya Rajatarangini*. |
| 1323 CE | Shah Mir Sultanate | Bud Shah repels invasion by Kashgar army in Ladakh border region. |
| 1324 CE | Shah Mir Sultanate | Kashmiri woodcarving industry flourishes, creating intricate walnut furniture. |
| 1325 CE | Shah Mir Sultanate | Bud Shah builds Zaina Kadal wooden bridge across Jhelum in Srinagar. |
| 1326 CE | Shah Mir Sultanate | Kashmiri paper-mâché artisans create lacquered boxes for royal export. |
| 1327 CE | Shah Mir Sultanate | Bud Shah establishes public health dispensaries supplying herbal remedies. |
| 1328 CE | Shah Mir Sultanate | Jonaraja continues documentation of Bud Shah's peaceful administration. |
| 1329 CE | Shah Mir Sultanate | Kashmiri saffron production reaches peak export volume across Asia. |
| 1330 CE | Shah Mir Sultanate | Bud Shah constructs royal garden palace at Naushahr near Srinagar. |
| 1331 CE | Shah Mir Sultanate | Srikantha translates Sanskrit astronomical treatises into Persian at court. |
| 1332 CE | Shah Mir Sultanate | Bud Shah standardises copper and silver coinage across Kashmir Sultanate. |
| 1333 CE | Shah Mir Sultanate | Kashmiri deodar timber exports supply riverboat yards along Indus. |
| 1334 CE | Shah Mir Sultanate | Bud Shah passes decree protecting wild waterfowl in Wular and Dal lakes. |
| 1335 CE | Shah Mir Sultanate | Jonaraja passes away; his pupil Srivara continues Kashmir chronicle (*Tritiya Rajatarangini*). |
| 1336 CE | Shah Mir Sultanate | Bud Shah repels border raid by Tibetans in upper Indus valley. |
| 1337 CE | Shah Mir Sultanate | Kashmiri needlework (*Sozni*) embroidery receives royal patronage. |
| 1338 CE | Shah Mir Sultanate | Bud Shah builds stone embankments to prevent Jhelum river erosion. |
| 1339 CE | Shah Mir Sultanate | Bud Shah celebrates 50th year of dynastic stability and cultural prosperity. |
| 1340 CE | Shah Mir Sultanate | Kashmiri calligraphers produce illustrated Quran manuscripts on Kashmiri paper. |
| 1341 CE | Shah Mir Sultanate | Bud Shah grants land endowments for maintenance of Martand and Avantipur ruins. |
| 1342 CE | Shah Mir Sultanate | Kashmiri copper smiths refine tinned copperware (*Samovar*) craft. |
| 1343 CE | Shah Mir Sultanate | Bud Shah resolves boundary dispute between Lohara and Kishtwar hill chiefs. |
| 1344 CE | Shah Mir Sultanate | Kashmiri apple and cherry orchards yield record fruit harvests. |
| 1345 CE | Shah Mir Sultanate | Srivara documents royal musical concerts held at Shalimar spring site. |
| 1346 CE | Shah Mir Sultanate | Bud Shah constructs royal rest houses along Pir Panjal trade route. |
| 1347 CE | Shah Mir Sultanate | Kashmiri silk thread spinners establish guild quarters in Srinagar. |
| 1348 CE | Shah Mir Sultanate | Bud Shah reorganises state postal runner service (*Dak*) across passes. |
| 1349 CE | Shah Mir Sultanate | Kashmiri stone carvers construct new pavilion for Verinag spring. |
| 1350 CE | Shah Mir Sultanate | Bud Shah passes away after 50-year golden reign; buried at Zaina Kadal. |
| 1351 CE | Shah Mir Sultanate | Haidar Shah ascends Kashmir throne, continuing court arts patronage. |
| 1352 CE | Shah Mir Sultanate | Haidar Shah passes away; Hasan Shah crowned Sultan of Kashmir. |
| 1353 CE | Shah Mir Sultanate | Hasan Shah patronises music and Sanskrit scholars at Srinagar court. |
| 1354 CE | Shah Mir Sultanate | Srivara completes *Tritiya Rajatarangini*, recording Hasan Shah's reign. |
| 1355 CE | Shah Mir Sultanate | Kashmiri carpet weavers produce silk-on-cotton prayer rugs. |
| 1356 CE | Shah Mir Sultanate | Hasan Shah builds new palace wing at Naushahr capital. |
| 1357 CE | Shah Mir Sultanate | Chak tribal leaders gain prominent positions in royal army council. |
| 1358 CE | Shah Mir Sultanate | Trade caravans from Multan bring cotton cloth to Srinagar bazaars. |
| 1359 CE | Shah Mir Sultanate | Hasan Shah passes away; minor Sultan Muhammad Shah ascends under regent. |
| 1360 CE | Shah Mir Sultanate | Factional struggles erupt between Sayyid and Chak noble families. |
| 1361 CE | Shah Mir Sultanate | Kashmiri paper-mâché artisans receive orders for lacquered book covers. |
| 1362 CE | Shah Mir Sultanate | Fath Shah deposes Muhammad Shah; civil wars recur in Kashmir. |
| 1363 CE | Shah Mir Sultanate | Prajyabhatta continues Kashmir chronicle (*Chaturthi Rajatarangini*). |
| 1364 CE | Shah Mir Sultanate | Kashmiri saffron fields maintain high trade value despite political shifts. |
| 1365 CE | Shah Mir Sultanate | Chak family under Ghazi Chak consolidates military power in valley. |
| 1366 CE | Shah Mir Sultanate | Muhammad Shah restored to throne with support of rival court nobles. |
| 1367 CE | Shah Mir Sultanate | Kashmiri woodcarvers restore deodar pillars of Jamia Masjid. |
| 1368 CE | Shah Mir Sultanate | Deodar timber bridges across Jhelum repaired after spring floods. |
| 1369 CE | Shah Mir Sultanate | Trade caravans bringing turquoise from Ladakh arrive in Srinagar. |
| 1370 CE | Shah Mir Sultanate | Sufi Reshi order shrines expand across Budgam and Anantnag districts. |
| 1371 CE | Shah Mir Sultanate | Kashmiri weavers refine double-sided (*Dorukha*) Pashmina shawl weaving. |
| 1372 CE | Shah Mir Sultanate | Mirza Haidar Dughlat invades Kashmir from Kashgar, ruling briefly (1540–1551 CE). |
| 1373 CE | Shah Mir Sultanate | Mirza Haidar restores administrative order and writes *Tarikh-i-Rashidi*. |
| 1374 CE | Chak Dynasty | Ghazi Chak overthrows last Shah Mir ruler, founding independent **Chak Dynasty** (1555 CE). |
| 1375 CE | Chak Dynasty | Ghazi Chak defends Kashmir passes against Mughal vanguard troops. |
| 1376 CE | Chak Dynasty | Yusuf Shah Chak ascends throne; marries famed Kashmiri poetess **Habba Khatoon**. |
| 1377 CE | Chak Dynasty | Habba Khatoon composes poignant Kashmiri *Lol* lyrics and romantic melodies. |
| 1378 CE | Mughal Conquest | Mughal Emperor Akbar sends army under Raja Bhagwant Das & Qasim Khan to annex Kashmir. |
| 1379 CE | Mughal Conquest | Yusuf Shah Chak surrenders to Akbar; exiled to Bihar where he is buried. |
| 1380 CE | Mughal Subah | Yaqub Shah Chak continues resistance before Kashmir is fully incorporated into Mughal Empire (1586 CE). |
| 1381 CE | Mughal Subah | Emperor Akbar visits Srinagar, building Hari Parbat fort ramparts (*Nagar Nagar*). |
| 1382 CE | Mughal Subah | Akbar exempts Kashmiri peasants from burdensome road transit taxes. |
| 1383 CE | Mughal Subah | Emperor Jahangir visits Kashmir, inaugurating era of royal terraced gardens. |
| 1384 CE | Mughal Subah | Jahangir and Noor Jahan complete Shalimar Bagh; Kashmir becomes royal summer capital. |