Period of Prominence
11th to 13th Century AD
Master Sculptures
Gal Vihara granite rock-cut Buddhas
Giant Reservoir
Parakrama Samudra (2,500 hectares)
Best Way to Tour
Rented bicycles across shaded ruin park
The Second Great Ancient Capital
Following the decline of Anuradhapura, King Vijayabahu I and later King Parakramabahu I the Great established Polonnaruwa as the island's majestic medieval capital. Renowned for its cohesive urban layout, monumental brick architecture, and profound integration of both Buddhist and Hindu shrines, Polonnaruwa is today a UNESCO World Heritage archeological park best explored on two wheels.
Gal Vihara Masterpiece
The artistic zenith of Polonnaruwa is the Gal Vihara (Rock Monastery), where four colossal Buddha images were sculpted directly from a single massive granite gneiss rock face in the 12th century. The 14-meter reclining Buddha depicting the Mahaparinirvana and the 7-meter standing figure with crossed arms are regarded as some of the most exquisite religious sculptures in Asian art history.
Hindu Shiva Devales in a Buddhist Kingdom
Reflecting deep Chola cultural interaction, Polonnaruwa features well-preserved 11th-century stone Hindu temples dedicated to Lord Shiva, including Shiva Devale No. 2, the oldest stone building in the city constructed entirely in Chola architectural style.
Frequently Asked Questions
Can you rent bicycles inside Polonnaruwa?
Yes, reliable bicycles can be rented at the archeological museum entrance for approximately 1,000–1,500 LKR (₹280–₹420 INR) per day.