Bengal Rice Bowl & 108 Concentric Shiva Shrines পূর্ব বর্ধমান — কালনার ১০৮ শিব মন্দির ও কার্জন গেট

The 108 Terracotta Shrines of the
Royal Rice Bowl

Where 108 Shiva temples stand in concentric circles at Kalna, Curzon Gate welcomes travellers to Bardhaman, and Sitabhog sweet aroma fills the bazaars.

108 Shiva
Kalna Concentric Shrines
Curzon Gate
1903 Royal Gate Arch
Sitabhog
GI Sweet Heritage
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🧭 At a Glance (Quick Facts)

  • Destination: Purba Bardhaman (Royal Rice Bowl of Bengal)
  • State/Region: West Bengal, India
  • Coordinates: 23.23° N, 87.86° E
  • Highlight: Famous for 108 Concentric Shiva Temples (Nava Kailash) of Kalna, Curzon Gate, Pratapeshwar Terracotta Temple, Katwa Sri Chaitanya sannyas temple, Shaktigarh Langcha, and Sitabhog & Mihidana GI sweets.

The Paddy Golden Harvest & the 108 Shrines

Situated in the fertile floodplains of the Damodar and Bhagirathi-Hooghly rivers in southern West Bengal, Purba Bardhaman is celebrated as the "Rice Bowl of Bengal". But beyond its golden paddy fields lies an extraordinary architectural legacy. At Kalna (Ambika Kalna), Maharaja Tej Chandra constructed the Nava Kailash in 1809—a masterpiece of 108 small terracotta temples arranged in two geometric concentric circles representing the 108 beads of a rosary. In Bardhaman town, the grand Curzon Gate stands as a monument to the royal Zamindari era of the Mahtab dynasty.

The visual identity of Purba Bardhaman is paddy gold wheat and terracotta brick red. In Katwa, Sri Chaitanya Mahaprabhu accepted sannyas in 1510 under a sacred banyan tree, making it a sacred Vaishnava pilgrimage site. Along the Grand Trunk Road in Shaktigarh, giant hot Langchas sizzle in sugar syrup. It is a land of terracotta temple carvings, Gobindobhog rice fields, and royal sweetmaking.

"In Kalna, 108 terracotta Shiva shrines encircle the green temple lawn in mathematical perfection while Gobindobhog paddy sways in the Bengal breeze."
108 Shrines
Kalna Concentric Temples
Curzon Gate
1903 Neoclassical Arch
Sitabhog
GI Rice Vermicelli Sweet
Katwa
Chaitanya Sannyas Land

The Chronology of the Royal Rice Bowl

From 6th-century Vardhamana Mahavira Jain references and 1510 Sri Chaitanya sannyas at Katwa to 1809 Nava Kailash temple building and 1903 Curzon Gate, Purba Bardhaman's timeline tracks royal wealth. The chronicle below outlines this evolution.

1510 AD
Sri Chaitanya Sannyas at Katwa
Sri Chaitanya Mahaprabhu takes sannyas vows under Guru Keshava Bharati at Katwa, initiating the Gaudiya Vaishnava movement.
1809 AD
108 Shiva Temples Built at Kalna
Maharaja Tej Chandra constructs the Nava Kailash 108 concentric Shiva temples in Kalna to commemorate spiritual harmony.
1903 AD
Curzon Gate Erected
Maharaja Bijay Chand Mahtab builds Vijay Toran (Curzon Gate) to welcome Lord Curzon, Viceroy of India, to Bardhaman.
2017 AD
GI Tag for Sitabhog & Mihidana
The Government of India awards Geographic Indication (GI) status to Bardhaman's historic sweets, Sitabhog and Mihidana.

The Concentric Rings of Kalna & the Royal Arch

Explore the primary heritage of Purba Bardhaman. From the 108 Shiva temples of Kalna to the royal gates of Bardhaman town, these experiences define the district. Click through the tabs below.

🛕 108 Shiva Temples

Nava Kailash: 108 Concentric Shiva Temples

Built in 1809 in Ambika Kalna, featuring 108 small aat-chala style terracotta temples in two geometric circles.

The outer circle contains 74 temples (alternating white and black Shiva lingams), while the inner circle contains 34 temples (all white lingams).

  • Designed to represent 108 beads of a rosary garland.
  • Located inside a pristine manicured lawn complex managed by ASI.
  • Located 60 km from Bardhaman town on the bank of the Hooghly.
🏛️ Curzon Gate & Rajbari

Curzon Gate (Vijay Toran) & Bardhaman Rajbari

A triumphant neoclassical archway built in 1903 in the center of Bardhaman town.

Adjacent to the gate lies the Bardhaman Rajbari (Royal Palace), featuring European columns and courtyards.

  • Adorned with statues of women holding lamps and royal coats of arms.
  • Lit up in vibrant colors every evening in GT Road center.
  • Bardhaman Rajbari now houses the University of Burdwan administrative campus.
🎨 Pratapeshwar Temple

Pratapeshwar Terracotta Temple Kalna

A 19th-century Rekha deul style temple standing inside the Kalna Rajbari complex opposite 108 Shiva temples.

Covered from base to spire with intricate terracotta plaques illustrating scenes from Ramayana, Mahabharata, and Krishna Leela.

  • Contains some of Bengal's finest detailed terracotta relief carvings.
  • Stands beside the Lalji Temple (1739) and Krishna Chandra Temple.
  • Pristine example of classical Bengal temple brick craft.
🕉️ Katwa Chaitanya Land

Katwa: Gouranga Bari & Sannyas Heritage

A sacred town on the confluence of the Ajay and Bhagirathi rivers, 56 km from Bardhaman.

Here Sri Chaitanya Mahaprabhu shaved his head and took sannyas in 1510 AD under Guru Keshava Bharati.

  • Gouranga Bari Temple marks the exact spot of sannyas initiation.
  • Contains ancient wooden foot-prints (*Paduka*) of Sri Chaitanya.
  • Major pilgrimage destination during Gaura Purnima celebrations.

The Terracotta Shrines and the Royal Palaces

Explore the primary landmarks of Purba Bardhaman. From the 108 Shiva temples of Kalna to the royal gates of Bardhaman, these destinations showcase the local heritage. Click or hover on the cards below.

108 Shiva Temples Kalna

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Nava Kailash Kalna

The 1809 concentric double circle of 108 terracotta Shiva shrines surrounded by green lawns.

⏱ 6 AM - 6 PM | Kalna town

Curzon Gate Arch

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Vijay Toran

The 1903 neoclassical royal gate built by the Maharaja of Bardhaman in the heart of GT Road.

⏱ Open 24 Hours | Central Bardhaman

Pratapeshwar Terracotta

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Pratapeshwar Temple

The 19th-century Rekha deul temple covered base to spire with intricate terracotta relief plaques.

⏱ 6 AM - 6 PM | Kalna Rajbari Complex

Kankaleswari Kali

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Kankaleswari Shrine

A unique 2,000-year-old carved black stone Chamunda Goddess idol located at Kanchan Nagar in Bardhaman.

⏱ 6 AM - 8 PM | Kanchan Nagar

Shaktigarh Langcha Hub

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Langcha Mahal

The famous highway sweet hub along GT Road serving piping hot, syrup-soaked chhana Langchas.

⏱ 24 Hours | Shaktigarh GT Road

🌾 The GI Sweet Legacy: Sitabhog & Mihidana

In 1904, when Lord Curzon visited Bardhaman, the Maharaja commissioned master confectioner Vairab Chandra Nag to craft two original sweets. He created **Sitabhog**—fine rice-shaped vermicelli made from chhana (cottage cheese) and Gobindobhog rice flour fried in ghee and soaked in light syrup, served with mini gulab jamuns—and **Mihidana**—micro-granules of Kaminibhog rice flour fried to golden perfection. Both legendary sweets earned official Geographical Indication (GI) tags in 2017.

The Culinary Staples & the GI Sweets of Bardhaman

Purba Bardhaman is world-famous for its GI-tagged royal sweets and Gobindobhog rice delicacies.

🍚

Bardhaman Sitabhog (GI)

Delicate rice-like chhana vermicelli sweetened in aromatic sugar syrup, served with small juicy nikuti gulab jamuns.

Tasted at: Original shops near Curzon Gate & GT Road
🟡

Bardhaman Mihidana (GI)

Golden micro-droplets of Kaminibhog rice flour fried in pure desi ghee and soaked in saffron sugar syrup.

Purchased at: Heritage sweetmakers in Rajbari Bazaar
🍠

Shaktigarh Langcha

Elongated chhana and khoya fritters fried deep red-brown and soaked hot in cardamom sugar syrup.

Sipped at: Highway sweet plazas along Shaktigarh GT Road

Plan Your Journey

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How to Reach Purba Bardhaman

✈️ By Air
Kolkata Airport (CCU) is 100 km south via Durgapur Expressway (NH 19), reachable in about 2 hours by car.
🚂 By Rail
Bardhaman Junction (BWN) is a major railway station on the Howrah-Delhi main line (1.2 hours from Howrah). Ambika Kalna (AGP) connects to Kalna temples.
🚗 By Road
Connected via National Highway 19 (GT Road / Durgapur Expressway). AC express buses run frequently from Kolkata (Esplanade / Karunamoyee) to Bardhaman and Kalna.

🌡️ Best Time to Visit

✓ Best
October to March (Winter)

Cool and crisp weather (11°C to 24°C). Ideal for walking the 108 Shiva temples of Kalna, touring Curzon Gate, and sampling fresh Sitabhog.

◎ Festive
July to September (Monsoon)

Paddy fields turn brilliant green across the district, making rural drives scenic.

⚠ Avoid
April to June (Summer)

Temperatures can reach 40°C with humid heat across the central plains.

The Unhurried 2-Day Route

Purba Bardhaman is best experienced at a slow pace. Walking the 108 concentric Shiva temples at Kalna, admiring terracotta plaques at Pratapeshwar, and tasting GI sweets require time to settle. This curated route ensures you capture the heritage of Bardhaman.

Day 1: 108 Shiva Temples & Kalna Terracotta

09:00 AM: Arrive at Ambika Kalna and visit the 108 Concentric Shiva Temples (Nava Kailash).

01:30 PM: Explore the Kalna Rajbari complex, including Pratapeshwar Rekha deul and Lalji Temple.

05:30 PM: Drive to Bardhaman town, stop at Curzon Gate, and sample authentic Sitabhog and Mihidana.

Day 2: Royal Palaces & Katwa Pilgrimage

09:30 AM: Tour Bardhaman Rajbari palace grounds and visit Kankaleswari Kali temple in Kanchan Nagar.

01:30 PM: Drive north to Katwa to visit Gouranga Bari Temple, site of Sri Chaitanya sannyas.

05:30 PM: Stop at Shaktigarh sweet plazas along GT Road for hot Langchas before your return trip.

Frequently Asked

How far is Kalna from Bardhaman main town? +
Kalna is located about 60 km east of Bardhaman town, reachable in about 1.5 hours by car or local train.
Where can I buy original Sitabhog and Mihidana in Bardhaman? +
Authentic GI-certified Sitabhog and Mihidana are available at heritage sweet shops around Curzon Gate, BC Road, and Rajbari Bazaar in Bardhaman town.
Are tickets required for 108 Shiva Temples Kalna? +
No, entry to the 108 Shiva Temples complex in Kalna is free for all visitors. The grounds are maintained by the Archaeological Survey of India (ASI).
Is Purba Bardhaman safe for solo travelers? +
Yes, Purba Bardhaman is peaceful, friendly, and well connected by trains and buses. Local residents take great pride in sharing their heritage with visitors.

Continue the Bengal Route

Explore the industrial dam reservoirs of Asansol, Durgapur Barrage, and Nazrul heritage of neighboring Paschim Bardhaman district.

Explore Paschim Bardhaman ➔